Spalling is a common issue with stone buildings, particularly brownstone structures. Spalling occurs when small pieces of stone chip away from the larger surface, typically in thin shards. It’s a natural phenomenon that can be observed in stone, brick, and concrete constructed buildings, often resulting in flakes that have fallen off.
Spalling can occur in buildings of any age, and even well-constructed structures are not immune to this issue. Factors such as weathering, moisture infiltration, freeze-thaw cycles, and environmental conditions can contribute to spalling over time. Regular inspection and maintenance can help address spalling and prevent further deterioration, preserving the integrity and appearance of the building.

Brownstone is particularly susceptible to spalling and deterioration due to its unique characteristics. As a porous sedimentary rock, brownstone allows water to easily flow through it via tiny holes, similar to a sponge. Additionally, its layered structure, often placed on buildings sideways, makes it prone to peeling or flaking off over time, especially under the force of gravity.
Despite its softness and natural coloring, which made it a popular building material for row houses in cities like New York, brownstone requires constant maintenance and repair due to its tendency to break apart. The ongoing need for repair underscores the importance of proactive maintenance and preservation efforts to protect and prolong the lifespan of brownstone buildings.

While spalling may be a concern, it doesn’t necessarily indicate that your building is falling apart. Brownstone’s softer and layered nature was understood even during the mining process, and it was often used primarily for its visual appeal as a facing material. Behind the brownstone facade, stronger building materials were typically used to support the structure.
In many cases, the deterioration of brownstone may be limited to the facade, and the underlying structure remains sound. However, it’s still essential to address spalling and deterioration promptly to prevent further damage and ensure the long-term stability of the building. Regular inspections and maintenance can help identify and address issues
early, preserving the integrity and appearance of brownstone buildings.